Justia Constitutional Law Opinion Summaries

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment and orders approving a settlement between Robert Allum and Montana State Fund and dismissing Allum's claims for benefits, holding that Allum resolved all of his dispute benefits, and therefore, the Workers' Compensation Court (WCC) did not have jurisdiction over Allum's remaining stand-alone constitutional challenges.The State Fund accepted liability for the knee injury Allum received at work. Later, Allum notified State Fund that he also asserted a back condition resultant from his knee injury. Allum filed a petition seeking a hearing on his injury claims and also sought a hearing on his claims challenging the constitutionality of the Montana Workers' Compensation Act and the WCC. Allum and State Fund settled the injury claims prior to trial. The WCC approved the settlement agreement and then concluded that it lacked jurisdiction to address Allum's constitutional challenges because Allum had resolved all of his benefit disputes. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the WCC's conclusions of law were correct. View "Allum v. Mont. State Fund" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the order of the district court requiring Broadwater County to provide to Helena Independent Record (IR) or other interested persons redacted videographer and documentation records pertaining to Jason Ellsworth's May 2021 stop by and encounter with a Montana Highway Patrol officer, holding that there was no error.Ellsworth pleaded guilty to an obstructing a peace officer. Thereafter, a reporter with the IR requested from Broadwater County a copy of Ellsworth's investigative file. Petitioner, a county attorney, determined that the file contained confidential criminal justice information and filed a petition seeking a declaratory ruling to clarify and enforce the rights of recovery to redacted confidential criminal justice information (CCJI) contained in the file. Petitioner also filed a separate motion for leave to deposit the investigative file under seal. The district court (1) concluded that Ellsworth's criminal case had been completed and that the declaratory action was ripe for decision; and (2) held that Ellsworth's privacy rights outweighed the public's right to know regarding certain information irrelevant to the charge. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Ellsworth was given a proper opportunity to participate, and his due process right was not infringed regarding the release of the CCJI. View "Broadwater Co. v. Release of Confidential Criminal Justice Information" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed in part and reversed the judgment of the district court convicting Defendant of aggravated burglary and obstructing a police officer and sentencing him to forty years for aggravated burglary and six months for obstructing a peace officer, holding that the case must be remanded for resentencing.Specifically, the Supreme Court held (1) Defendant's constitutional right to a speedy trial was not violated; (2) Defendant's claim of instructional error not warrant plain error review because he failed to show how he was prejudiced; (3) Defendant's ineffective assistance of counsel claim must fail because Defendant he to show any prejudice; and (4) Defendant was entitled to resentencing because the district court relied on incorrect information when it imposed the sentence. View "State v. Kirn" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the decision of the district court concluding that Plaintiffs - a climate advocacy group and three NorthWestern Energy ratepayers - had standing to challenge Mont. Code Ann. 69-8-421 as unconstitutional and then invalidating the statute, holding that Plaintiffs' challenge to the preapproval statute was not justiciable.At issue was section 69-8-421, which effectively permitted NorthWestern, but no other public utility, to apply to the Montana Public Service Commission for preapproval of an electricity supply resource. Plaintiffs filed a complaint requesting declaratory judgment that the preapproval statute violated both Mont. Const. art. II, 31 and Mont. Const. art. V, 12. NorthWestern filed a motion to dismiss for both lack of standing and ripeness. The district court denied the motion. The Supreme Court reversed, holding (1) Plaintiffs lacked standing to raise the rights of non-party utilities; and (2) Plaintiffs' alleged consumer injuries were not yet ripe for consideration. View "350 Montana v. State" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the decision of the district court to deny Petitioner's petition to reinstate his driver's license, holding that the district court did not err in denying the petition because Petitioner did not meet his burden to prove that the suspension of his driver's license was improper.On appeal, Petitioner argued that his request to speak to an attorney prior to taking a preliminary breath test and a post-arrest blood test should not have been taken as an implied refusal to submit to either test and, therefore, he did not refuse to take the tests. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) the record reflected that Petitioner explicitly refused to take the tests; and (2) the district court correctly denied Petitioner's petition. View "Turner v. State" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the district court ruling that Mont. Code Ann. 50-20-109(1)(a), which restricts providers of abortion care to physicians and physician assistants (PAs), violates a woman's fundamental right of privacy, guaranteed by the Montana Constitution, to seek abortion care from a qualified health care provider of her choosing, holding that there was no error.In reaching its decision, the district court concluded that the State failed to "clearly and convincingly demonstrate a medically acknowledged, bona fide health risk which justifies interfering with a patient's fundamental right[....]to choose the health care provider who performs the [abortion] procedure[.]" The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) there is no medically acknowledged, bona fide health risk for the State to restrict the availability of abortion care by preventing Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) from performing abortions; and (2) therefore, Montanans have the right to seek abortion care from certified APRNs. View "Weems v. State" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the conclusion of the district court that the more than three-year delay between Defendant's arrest and his subsequent criminal trial did not violate his constitutional right to a speedy trial, holding that Defendant did not receive his guaranteed right to a speedy trial.Defendant was charged with assault with a weapon. After facing a lengthy wait to be evaluated for his mental fitness to stand trial Defendant received a bed at the Montana State Hospital (MSH), where his fitness for trial improved. Defendant's fitness, however, decompensated after he was sent back to jail, leading to a second admission to MSH before the case finally went to trial. A jury found Defendant guilty, and the district court denied Defendant's motion to dismiss for lack of speedy trial. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that the 1,179-day delay between Defendant's arrest and trial, due to systemic institutional problems, violated Defendant's constitutional right to a speedy trial. View "State v. Allery" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the district court convicting and sentencing Defendant for robbery, holding that Defendant was not entitled to relief on his claims of error.On appeal, Defendant argued that he did not knowingly and voluntarily waive his right to counsel during his criminal trial. Defendant also argued, for the first time, that the district court compromised his right to a unanimous jury verdict by not giving a specific unanimity instruction requiring the jury to agree that either or both victims were in fear of immediate bodily injury. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding (1) Defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived his right to counsel; and (2) this Court declines to exercise plain error review to address Defendant's second argument on appeal. View "State v. Winzenburg" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court reversed the order of the district court granting Defendant's motion to dismiss Plaintiff's complaint making a claim for statutory damages against the Board of County Commissioners pursuant to Mont. Code Ann. 76-3-625(1) and equal protection, takings, and due process claims under 42 U.S.C. 1983, holding that the district court erred.In granting the Board's motion to dismiss, the district court determined that Plaintiff's section 76-3-625(1) claims were barred by a thirty-day statute of limitations and its section 1983 claims failed to state a claim. The Supreme Court reversed, holding that the district court erred in (1) determining that the section 76-3-625(1) claim was subject to a thirty-day statute of limitations and was therefore time-barred; and (2) erred in concluding that Plaintiff's 42 U.S.C. 1983 claims lacked a sufficient protected property interest and were insufficiently pled to survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. View "Tai Tam, LLC v. Missoula County" on Justia Law

The Supreme Court affirmed the order entered by the district court granting summary judgment to the Public Service Commission (PSC) and dismissing Appellants' claim that Mont. Code Ann. 69-2-102 was unconstitutional, holding that this matter lacked a justiciable controversy.Appellants filed a petition seeking a judgment declaring that the PSC's contested case procedures were unconstitutional. Specifically, Appellants alleged that the PSC's application of section 69-2-102 was unconstitutional as applied. The district court granted summary judgment to the PSC, dismissing Appellants' challenges against the statute on justiciability grounds. The Supreme Court affirmed, holding that the district court did not err in concluding that Appellants lacked standing to challenge, on due process grounds, the constitutionality of section 69-2-102. View "Broad Reach Power, LLC v. Mont. Dep't of Service Regulation" on Justia Law